Referensi Hasil Penelitian

ABSTRACT

There is a growing body of literature on the contribution of hard skills to the enhancement of entrepreneurial behaviour. However, the role of acquiring soft skills in shaping entrepreneurial readiness is yet to be sufficiently comprehended. This research sought to examine the significance of soft skills in shaping the entrepreneurial readiness behaviour of students at higher education institutions in South Africa. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of soft skills on the selected dimensions of entrepreneurial readiness behaviour namely venture creation, innovative financing and venture growth. Students from the Central University of Technology (CUT) and the University of the Free State (UFS) participated in this study. A descriptive, explorative cross-sectional design involving 300 students enrolled for entrepreneurship courses, was adopted. Cluster sampling was employed as the main sampling technique. The average variance extracted (AVE), linear regression and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used as indicators of reliability and validity in the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and Smart PLS software. The results suggest that soft skills exert a positive, and significant, effect on the entrepreneurial readiness behaviour of students. This study provides critical insights into how entrepreneurial readiness behaviour can be explained through fostering soft skills, honing venture creation, innovative financing, venture growth and entrepreneurial activities of students. The study contributes to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by demonstrating how soft skills create a germane context for the stimulating, exhibiting and actioning specific entrepreneurial behaviours among nascent entrepreneurs in South Africa.

Keywords: soft skills; entrepreneurial readiness behaviour; higher education institutions; venture creation; innovative financing; venture growth.

ABSTRACT

Substantial investment in entrepreneurship education did not resolve the issue of only 50% of vocational graduates finding employment, highlighting the need to foster entrepreneurial pursuits. To examine the impact of achievement goals on the entrepreneurial psychological readiness (EPR) of vocational high school students, as mediated by psychological capital in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. This study involved 378 vocational high school students from all available vocational fields. Data were collected with the assistance of class teachers after completing administrative processes with the school. This research employs a quantitative methodology and is assisted by SEM-SmartPLS statistical analysis. The data collection instruments consist of four components: self-report, the Goal Measure-Revised (AGQ-R), 12 items; the PsyCap questionnaire (PCQ), 12 items and the EPR, 24 items. A two-step partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to evaluate the measurement and structural models. The relationship between achievement goals and entrepreneurship psychological readiness is completely mediated by psychological capital that this hypothesis indicates. We conclude that the relationship between achievement goals and psychological readiness for entrepreneurship through psychological capital shows a significant influence. The study underscored the critical role of psychological capital in enhancing entrepreneurial readiness and suggested that balancing goal orientation with psychological well-being was essential for developing entrepreneurial potential among vocational students. This study underscores the importance of psychological capital in fostering entrepreneurial readiness, revealing its indispensable role in achieving entrepreneurial success.

Keywords: achievement goals; entrepreneurship; psychological capital; psychological readiness; vocational students.

ABSTRACT

Entrepreneurship has become a central issue in an effort to improve the nation’s economic welfare. Several previous studies agree that the ideal country is one that has an entrepreneurial contribution of at least 4% of its total population. However, when compared with other countries, Indonesia’s entrepreneurial contribution is currently still low because it has only reached an entrepreneurial ratio of 3.47%. One of the causes of this low contribution is the lack of effective entrepreneurship education. Some empirical evidence has not been able to explain how entrepreneurship education is able to prepare generation Z to become entrepreneurs through various new literacies. This research aims to investigate the influence of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial readiness of generation Z students, which is moderated by digital business literacy and financial literacy. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach and involved 700 students in Makassar City, Indonesia. The data analysis technique used is partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. Research findings show that entrepreneurship education plays an important role in the entrepreneurial readiness of generation Z students, which is strengthened by digital business literacy and financial literacy. The findings of this research can help expand and develop concepts related to digital business literacy and financial literacy in the context of entrepreneurship education in higher education, so that, by implication, this research provides a valuable contribution to entrepreneurship education, which paves the way for further research regarding entrepreneurial readiness in the context of diverse higher education through various other new literacies.

Keywords: entrepreneurship education; entrepreneurial readiness; digital business literacy; financial literacy; generation Z

ABSTRACT

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) has been described as the cognitive element that can stimulate entrepreneurial readiness. There is a paucity of research on whether graduates of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Nigeria are entrepreneurially ready for future work, particularly in the field of entrepreneurship. Previous studies have noted that individuals will not take entrepreneurial action until certain personality traits are triggered. This study investigated the entrepreneurial readiness of exit level students using ESE task phases at three selected TVET institutions in Nigeria. It will assist policymakers in identifying the specific cognitive traits that can stimulate entrepreneurial behavior in students. A sample of 301 exit level students was selected from a target population of 1,212 using a convenience sampling technique. Only 289 students participated in the study. The quantitative data was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to test the relationships among variables, and regression analysis was conducted to determine the level of influence between ESE and entrepreneurial readiness. The study found that, while other components of ESE positively impact students’ entrepreneurial readiness, ESE marshaling does not have a significant impact. While all the other pairs of ESE show significant relationships with the male students’ entrepreneurial readiness, only ESE implementing has a significant relationship with the female students’ entrepreneurial readiness. We thus conclude that the entrepreneurship education curriculum at the selected TVET institutions is not adequately addressing training in ESE marshaling skills. The implication for practice is that entrepreneurship training should focus on building economic resources skills for business start-ups.

Keywords: entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial readiness, skills, self-efficacy, technical, and vocational education and training, business creation

ABSTRACT

The number of students in Vietnam who start their own businesses is on the rise; therefore, it is necessary to conduct this research in order to determine the factors that influence the preparation of female students for business ownership and management. The study participants were selected using a technique known as convenience sampling. In July and August of 2021, the required data collection for the analysis occurred. Two hundred forty-four female students attending one of four institutions in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, filled out the questionnaire. According to the findings of this study, academic year, major, and parental business license did not significantly impact female students' entrepreneurial preparedness. A further reality is that a person's readiness to engage in entrepreneurial activity was impacted by their knowledge of entrepreneurship, social norms, and behavioral control. There were differences in the ways in which criteria associated with permanent residences, such as central, province, and district, influence the entrepreneurial readiness of female students. The key finding highlights that characteristics significantly influence female students' readiness for entrepreneurship, distinguishing the impact of demographic factors on this preparedness. The outcomes offer valuable insights for female college students aspiring to become entrepreneurs and underscore the importance of further research to assess entrepreneurial readiness among Vietnamese students comprehensively.

Keywords: behavioral control, entrepreneurial readiness, knowledge of entrepreneurship, pedagogical student, social norms.

ABSTRAK

Faktor kesiapan berwirausaha yang rendah akan menjadi penghambat bagi pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam menjalankan usahanya secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui fenomena kesiapan berwirausaha pada pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Desa Ngalang pasca Pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Metode pengumpulan data diambil dengan melakukan wawancara semi-terstruktur. Responden penelitian berjumlah 6 pelaku UMKM yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dengan karakteristik berusia 20-40 tahun, memiliki usaha yang sudah berjalan minimal lima tahun, terdampak usaha saat pandemi Covid-19 selama dua tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis isi dengan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku UMKM yang mengalami krisis, putus asa dan mengalami kebangkrutan hingga hampir tutup usahanya saat ini sudah mulai memiliki kesiapan berwirausaha kembali. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari responden memiliki aspek kesiapan berwirausaha yaitu keterampilan individu, ketakutan akan kegagalan, jaringan sosial, persepsi terhadap peluang. Temuan aspek lain pada responden tampak pada penyiapan fisik, mental, dan spiritual individu, penyiapan kepribadian, penyiapan perkembangan kepribadian, penyiapan kegiatan usaha, dan penyiapan kemampuan pemasaran produk. Pelaku UMKM memiliki kemampuan untuk siap berwirausaha pasca Pandemi Covid-19 ini.

ABSTRACT 

One of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic is that many micro businesses have gone bankrupt or even closed their businesses. Micro businesses require entrepreneurial readiness to restart and manage their enterprises effectively. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the model of future orientation and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial readiness in micro-enterprises located in Sleman Regency. This research employed a quantitative approach, focusing on micro-enterprises in Sleman Regency that are members of the 'Sobat PLUT' group in 2022. The sample consisted of 85 under 40 micro-entrepreneurs whose businesses experienced losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study utilized purposive sampling as its sampling technique. Data collection involved three scales: the entrepreneurial readiness scale, the future orientation scale, and the self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was conducted by testing both the outer and inner models. The analysis technique employed the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using the Smart Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS) 3.2.8 program. The results of this study indicate the formation of a model of entrepreneurial readiness, focusing on future orientation and self-efficacy. Future orientation has a significant favorable influence on the entrepreneurial readiness of micro-entrepreneurs and a very significant positive effect of self-efficacy on their entrepreneurial readiness. The theoretical model developed in this research is a fit model that can serve as a reliable model reference for understanding entrepreneurial readiness.

ABSTRAK

Ketidakpastian perekonomian saat pandemi covid-19 berdampak berat kondisi dunia usaha di tanah air. Masa pandemic membawa perubahan sikap pengusaha untuk lebih meningkatkan kesiapan dalam membuka usahanya Kembali dengan proses usaha yang lebih cepat, efektif dan efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan berwirausaha pada pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Desa X Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data diambil dengan melakukan wawancara semi-terstruktur. Informan pada penelitian ini adalah enam pelaku UMKM di Desa Ngalang Gunungkidul. Analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku UMKM memiliki kesiapan berwirausaha yang berasal dari faktor internal dan eksternal individu. Faktor internal kesiapan berwirausaha meliputi efikasi diri, toleransi risiko, proaktif, kebutuhan berprestasi, kemandirian, orientasi masa depan, hardiness,dan resiliensi. Faktor eksternal kesiapan berwirausaha meliputi pendidikan dan pelatihan, pengalaman, jaringan profesional, latar belakang keluarga dan dukungan sosial. Baik faktor internal dan eksternal keduanya merupakan faktor yang saling mendukung dalam mempersiapkan pelaku UMKM untuk berwirausaha khususnya setelah mengalami penurunan atau kerugian ketika pandemi Covid-19.

Kata kunci: faktor eksternal, faktor internal, kesiapan berwirausaha.

ABSTRAK

Tingkat pengangguran tertinggi berasal dari sekolah menengah kejuruan. Isu tersebut memerlukan kesiapan berwirausaha sebagai solusi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan berwirausaha di antaranya dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri. Tingginya efikasi diri dipengaruhi dukungan sosial. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji model teoritis pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha melalui efikasi diri sebagai mediator. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan, melibatkan 199 siswa kelas XI dari SMK “X”. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala dukungan sosial, skala efikasi diri, dan skala kesiapan berwirausaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model teoritis pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha melalui efikasi diri sebagai mediator fit dengan data empiris. Penelitian juga menemukan bahwa efikasi diri berpengaruh secara langsung dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha. Temuan lainnya menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial secara signifikan berpengaruh langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui efikasi diri terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan dan berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan teori bahwa efikasi diri hanya bersifat mediasi komplementer pada pengaruh tidak langsung dukungan sosial terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha.

Kata kunci: Dukungan sosial, efikasi diri, kesiapan berwirausaha, siswa.